Journal of Applied Mathematics and Stochastic Analysis 
Volume 3 (1990), Issue 1, Pages 27-55
doi:10.1155/S1048953390000041

Boundaries in digital planes

Efim Khalimsky,1 Ralph Kopperman,2 and Paul R. Meyer3

1College of Staten Island , CUNY, Staten Island 10301, NY, USA
2City College of New York, CUNY, New York 10031, NY, USA
3Lehman College, CUNY, Bronx 10468, NY, USA

Received 1 July 1989; Revised 1 November 1989

Abstract

The importance of topological connectedness properties in processing digital pictures is well known. A natural way to begin a theory for this is to give a definition of connectedness for subsets of a digital plane which allows one to prove a Jordan curve theorem. The generally accepted approach to this has been a non-topological Jordan curve theorem which requires two different definitions, 4-connectedness, and 8-connectedness, one for the curve and the other for its complement.

In [KKM] we introduced a purely topological context for a digital plane and proved a Jordan curve theorem. The present paper gives a topological proof of the non-topological Jordan curve theorem mentioned above and extends our previous work by considering some questions associated with image processing:

How do more complicated curves separate the digital plane into connected sets? Conversely given a partition of the digital plane into connected sets, what are the boundaries like and how can we recover them? Our construction gives a unified answer to these questions.

The crucial step in making our approach topological is to utilize a natural connected topology on a finite, totally ordered set; the topologies on the digital spaces are then just the associated product topologies. Furthermore, this permits us to define path, arc, and curve as certain continuous functions on such a parameter interval.