International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences
Volume 2005 (2005), Issue 21, Pages 3487-3495
doi:10.1155/IJMMS.2005.3487
  
     
          
          Flat circle bundles, pullbacks, and the circle made discrete
          
            John Oprea1
             and Daniel Tanré2
          
          1Department of Mathematics, Cleveland State University, Cleveland 44115-2214, OH, USA
          2Département de Mathématiques, Université de Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex 59655, France
          
          Abstract
We use basic homotopical methods applied to Lie groups made discrete to prove that the real Euler class of a circle bundle vanishes if and only if the bundle is flat.