Six Little Squares and How Their Numbers Grow
Matthias Beck 
Department of Mathematics 
San Francisco State University 
1600 Holloway Avenue 
San Francisco, CA 94132 
USA 
Thomas Zaslavsky
Department of Mathematical Sciences 
Binghamton University 
Binghamton, NY 13902-6000 
USA 
Abstract:
We count the 3 × 3 magic, semimagic, and magilatin
squares, as functions either of the magic sum or of an upper bound on
the entries in the square.  Our results on magic and semimagic squares
differ from previous ones, in that we require the entries in the square
to be distinct from each other and we derive our results not by
ad hoc reasoning, but from the general geometric and algebraic
method of our paper "An enumerative geometry for magic and magilatin
labellings".  Here we illustrate that method with a detailed analysis
of 3 × 3 squares.
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(Concerned with sequences
A108235
A108236
A108576
A108577
A108578
A108579
A173546
A173547
A173548
A173549
A173723
A173724
A173725
A173726
A173727
A173728
A173729
A173730
A174018
A174019
A174020
A174021
A174256
A174257.)
Received March 9 2010;
revised version received June 1 2010.
Published in Journal of Integer Sequences, June 2 2010.
Revised, June 8 2010.
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